Caring for mature trees requires a thoughtful approach, one that respects the tree’s well-being and acknowledges its importance to the surrounding environment. Unlike young saplings, which require a more hands-on approach, mature trees need care that is both mindful and specific. These trees have already established themselves and are more resistant to damage and diseases, but that doesn’t mean they are immune to problems. If not properly cared for, mature trees can suffer from neglect, poor health, or structural issues that could lead to hazardous situations.
While there’s always the option of calling for help, especially when you can get a professional arborist’s answer, there are some basic things you can do to care for your trees. In this article, we’ll go into some of the do’s and don’ts of caring for mature trees, providing useful tips that will help maintain their health and longevity.
Do’s of Caring for Mature Trees
1. Do Regularly Inspect the Tree
The first step in caring for a mature tree is regular inspection. Periodically assess the tree’s condition, paying attention to any visible signs of disease, pest infestation, or structural problems. Look for dead or broken branches, unusual growth patterns, or signs of stress such as discoloured or wilting leaves. This proactive approach will help you catch problems early, ensuring the tree remains healthy for years to come.
2. Do Mulch Around the Base
Mulching around the base of a tree is one of the simplest and most effective ways to help retain soil moisture and reduce the competition for nutrients from grass and weeds. Organic mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, provides a protective layer that helps regulate the temperature of the soil, keeps roots cool in summer and warm in winter, and reduces erosion.
When applying mulch, ensure it is spread evenly in a doughnut shape around the tree’s base, about 5 to 10 centimetres thick. Avoid piling mulch against the trunk as it can lead to moisture build-up, which can cause fungal infections or rot.
3. Do Prune Safely and Thoughtfully
Pruning is an essential part of tree care, helping to remove dead or damaged branches and promoting healthy growth. For mature trees, pruning should be done with extra care to avoid causing undue stress. Focus on removing only branches that are dead, dying, or hazardous. This will help maintain the tree’s structural integrity without impacting its natural balance.
Always use clean, sharp tools to make clean cuts, and avoid pruning during times of extreme weather. The best time to prune is during the late winter or early spring when the tree is still dormant and its energy reserves are high.
4. Do Water During Dry Periods
Mature trees typically have a well-established root system that allows them to access moisture from deeper soil levels. However, during prolonged dry periods, even these deep roots may struggle to find sufficient water. In such times, it’s essential to water your tree, particularly if you notice wilting or browning leaves.
Water deeply but infrequently to encourage the roots to grow deeper into the soil. It’s important not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot and other issues. Generally, the soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged.
5. Do Fertilize When Necessary
Although mature trees usually don’t need as much fertilization as younger trees, there are times when adding nutrients can be beneficial. Over time, essential nutrients may be depleted from the soil, especially in urban or suburban environments where the natural decomposition process is hindered by the presence of lawns and other landscaping.
When fertilizing, choose a slow-release, balanced fertilizer specifically designed for trees. Spread it around the drip line of the tree (the area directly beneath the outermost branches), as this is where most of the tree’s feeder roots are located. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as too much can harm the tree.
6. Do Protect the Root Zone
The root zone of a tree is one of its most critical areas, particularly for mature trees. Roots often extend well beyond the tree’s canopy, so it’s essential to protect this area from compaction and damage. Avoid driving vehicles or placing heavy objects over the root zone, as this can compact the soil, reducing the amount of oxygen available to the roots.
It’s also important to avoid digging or trenching near the tree, as cutting through roots can severely harm the tree’s health and stability. If landscaping changes are necessary, contact an arborist to ensure minimal impact on the tree’s root system.
7. Do Monitor for Pests and Diseases
While mature trees are generally more resilient to pests and diseases than younger trees, they are still vulnerable, particularly if they are under stress from drought, poor soil conditions, or injury. Signs like discoloured leaves, as was the case for many trees in Waterloo a few months ago, may be a sign of poor health in trees. Keep an eye out for other indicators like wilting, holes in the bark, or unusual growths to keep yourself ahead of any issues with your trees.
If you suspect your tree is affected by pests or disease, it’s best to consult with a certified arborist who can properly diagnose the issue and recommend the appropriate treatment.
Don’ts of Caring for Mature Trees
1. Don’t Over-Prune
One of the most common mistakes people make when caring for mature trees is over-pruning. While pruning is essential for maintaining the health and safety of a tree, removing too much at once can shock the tree and lead to stress. Over-pruning can also leave the tree more vulnerable to diseases and pests.
The general rule is to avoid removing more than 25% of a tree’s foliage in a single year. Any more than that and you risk weakening the tree’s ability to produce food through photosynthesis, which can slow growth and reduce the tree’s overall health. If you’re not certain of how much to prune, it’s a good idea to find a professional tree trimmer to handle the job for you. Not only can the pros figure out how much to trim to keep the tree healthy, they also know how to maintain safety around the site as they work.
2. Don’t Top the Tree
Tree topping is a harmful practice where the uppermost branches of a tree are cut back severely. This technique is often used to reduce the size of a tree, but it can do far more harm than good. Topping removes the crown of the tree, leaving large open wounds that make the tree susceptible to diseases, pests, and decay.
Additionally, topping often leads to rapid regrowth of weak, poorly attached branches that can easily break off in wind or storms, creating a safety hazard. Instead of topping, use proper pruning techniques or consult with an arborist to explore other options for managing the size of the tree.
3. Don’t Ignore Signs of Stress
Mature trees are good at hiding stress, but there are still signs you can look for. Discoloured leaves, wilting, sparse foliage, or cracks in the trunk can all indicate that the tree is under stress. Ignoring these signs can allow problems to worsen, potentially leading to serious damage or even tree death.
Addressing stress early can help prevent more significant issues down the line. Whether it’s a lack of water, pest infestation, or soil compaction, identifying the problem and addressing it promptly is key to keeping your mature tree healthy.
4. Don’t Plant Too Close to Other Trees or Structures
When planting new trees near existing mature ones, it’s crucial to ensure there is enough space for both trees to thrive. Crowding trees together can result in competition for water, sunlight, and nutrients, which can weaken both trees and stunt their growth.
Similarly, avoid planting trees too close to buildings, fences, or power lines. Mature trees have large root systems and wide canopies, which can interfere with structures and lead to damage over time. Before planting, always consider the mature size of the tree and ensure there is adequate space for it to grow without interference.
5. Don’t Use Lawn Equipment Near the Trunk
Lawn mowers and trimmers can cause significant damage to a tree’s bark if used carelessly. Repeated impacts from lawn equipment can strip away the bark, exposing the sensitive inner wood of the tree and increasing the risk of infection or decay.
To protect your mature tree, create a mulch ring around the base of the tree to act as a buffer zone. This will help keep lawn equipment at a safe distance and reduce the likelihood of accidental damage.
6. Don’t Apply Chemicals Without Caution
While herbicides and pesticides can be useful in managing weeds and pests, they can also pose a significant risk to mature trees if used improperly. Chemicals applied to the soil or nearby plants can be absorbed by the tree’s roots, potentially leading to damage or even death.
If you must use chemicals, always read the labels carefully and follow the instructions. Choose products that are safe for use around trees, and avoid spraying chemicals on windy days when they could drift onto the tree’s leaves or bark.
7. Don’t Attempt Major Pruning or Removal Yourself
Large trees can be dangerous to prune or remove without the proper training and equipment. Climbing trees or using chainsaws at height poses serious risks, and improper pruning can damage the tree or create hazards for your property.
For major pruning or tree removal, it’s always best to leave the work to a certified arborist. These professionals have the skills and experience necessary to safely handle large trees and can ensure the work is done without harm to the tree or surrounding area.
Caring for mature trees requires a balanced approach that focuses on maintaining their health while respecting their established growth. By following these do’s and don’ts, you can ensure that your trees continue to thrive and provide beauty and benefits to your property for many years to come.
Regular inspections, thoughtful pruning, proper watering, and protecting the root zone are all essential aspects of tree care. Conversely, avoiding harmful practices is key to helping your tree remain strong and resilient. When in doubt, consulting an arborist is always a wise choice to ensure your mature tree receives the best care possible.
When it comes to caring for your trees, it’s a good idea to have some professional help in your corner. At Dave Lund Tree Service, we have provided full arborist services for over 36 years, and we’re ready to put that expertise at your service. Whether you need pruning, pest control, or storm preparation for your trees, we’re ready to help. Give us a call at (905) 884-0511 for reliable arborist services to help you care for your trees.